Close critical analysis of Coleridges Frost at Midnight...

Frost at Midnight is generally regarded as the greatest of Samuel Taylor Coleridges Conversation Poems and is said to have influenced Wordsworths pivotal work, Lines Composed a Few Miles Above Tintern Abbey. It is therefore apposite to analyse Frost at Midnight with a view to revealing how the key concerns of Romanticism were communicated through the poem. The Romantic period in English literature ran from around 1785, following the death of the eminent neo-classical writer Samuel Johnson, to the ascension of Queen Victoria to the throne in 1837. However, in the years spanning this period writers were not identified as exponents of a recognised literary movement. It was only later that literary historians created and applied†¦show more content†¦Comprising four stanzas of varying length, it is written in blank verse and adopts a conversational tone. The flexibility of the meter complements the spontaneous, impulsive nature of a poem containing both personal reflection and joyous visions, and further illustrates Abramss claim that Romantic poetry should be an effortless expression rather than an arduous exercise. As an account of the speakers present, past, and future circumstances, George Dekker has argued that the poem utilises a typically Romantic structure: The persona digresses from a carefully established scene to a former time and contrasting situation, then back to the present before moving into the future vision of prayer. (Dekker, 1978, p. 235) By its use of such a structure Frost at Midnight also illustrates Abramss observation that Romantic poetry should be less an imitation of nature than a representation of the poets internal emotions. Contrary to the neo-classical emphasis on observation and objective knowledge, the speaker of Frost at Midnight uses nature as the stimulus to turn inward. His perceptions transport him on a journey through memory and imagination and ultimately to a moment of personal insight. In Frost at Midnight, Coleridge highlights the Romantic conviction that the poets role is not to hold a mirror up to nature but to use the fountains of memories and feelings which nature evokes to create something valuable andShow MoreRelatedClose Critical Analysis of Coleridges Frost at Midnight1716 Words   |  7 PagesFrost at Midnight is generally regarded as the greatest of Samuel Taylor Coleridges Conversation Poems and is said to have influenced Wordsworths pivotal work, Lines Composed a Few Miles Above Tint ern Abbey. It is therefore apposite to analyse Frost at Midnight with a view to revealing how the key concerns of Romanticism were communicated through the poem. The Romantic period in English literature ran from around 1785, following the death of the eminent neo-classical writer Samuel JohnsonRead More Critical Analysis of William Wordsworth and Samuel Taylor Coleridge2513 Words   |  11 PagesCritical Analysis of William Wordsworth and Samuel Taylor Coleridge William Wordsworth and Samuel Taylor Coleridge spearheaded a philosophical writing movement in England in the late 18th and early 19th century. Although Wordsworth and S.T. Coleridge are often considered the fathers of the English Romantic movement, their collective theologies and philosophies were often criticized but rarely taken serious by the pair of writers due to their illustrious prestige as poets. The combined effortRead MoreThe Concept of the Individual in Literature of the Romantic Period1762 Words   |  8 Pagesrationalization of nature and neglect of the individual upheld by the Enlightenment Movement. In order to demonstrate this, a close analysis of some poetic works by Samuel Taylor Coleridge, William Wordsworth and William Blake will be examined. The Romantic period placed great importance on creativity, imagination and the value of the self, Wordsworth and Coleridge were particularly influential in Britain with regards to the burgeoning of the movement. The movement of romanticism and itsRead MoreLiterary Analysis Of Samuel Taylor Coleridge3984 Words   |  16 PagesDan Paulos Mr. Kaplan English IV 10 November 2014 Literary Analysis of Samuel Taylor Coleridge Samuel Taylor Coleridge was an influential British philosopher, critic, and writer of the early eighteenth century. He was a prominent member of a literary group known as the â€Å"Lake Poets,† which included renowned writers like William Wordsworth and Robert Southey. His writings and philosophy greatly contributed to the formation and construction of modern thought. He possessed an extensive, creative imaginationRead MoreKubla Khan a Supernatural Poem8401 Words   |  34 Pagesdiscusses the question of the transforming creative self and the aesthetics of becoming in Samuel Taylor Coleridge s Kubla Khan and Dejection: An Ode , by reassessing certain strands of Romantic visionary criticism and Deconstruction, which are two major critical positions in the reading and interpreting of Romantic poetry. The poetics of becoming and the creative process place the self in Coleridge s aesthetic and spiritual idealism in what I have called a constructive deferral, since none of his Read MoreLanguage of Advertising20371 Words   |  82 Pages INTRODUCTION This graduation paper is devoted to the investigation of peculiarities of advertising language. However, the number of works devoted to the analysis of advertising language, is rather significant, though we witness advertising English is developing very fast. 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Proposed Technique for Sidelobes Suppression Free Essays

string(27) " is a nonlinear operation\." Chapter 4 PROPOSED TECHNIQUE FOR SIDELOBES SUPPRESSION As seen in old chapters, there are many sidelobes suppression techniques proposed but most of these proposed sidelobe suppression techniques are non good balanced between the complexness and public presentation. The available techniques have their ain advantages and disadvantages in footings of design, execution or may impact the other factors which consequences in hapless overall efficiency. So in this thesis work we are suggesting Correlative cryptography as another sidelobes one of the suppression method which can be utilized for cut downing the sidelobes power significantly. We will write a custom essay sample on Proposed Technique for Sidelobes Suppression or any similar topic only for you Order Now Before that, allow us see some basic thought about correlativity cryptography. So far, we have considered the inter symbol intervention as an inauspicious happening which produces a debasement in the system public presentation. Undeniably, its name itself describes a nuisance consequence. However, by adding inter symbol intervention to the familial signal in a controlled or known mode, it is possible to accomplish a spot rate of 2B0spots per second in a channel of bandwidth B0Hz. These techniques are calledcorrelate cryptographyorpartial-responsesignaling techniques. Since, correlate cryptography strategy is based on the sum of ISI introduced into familial signal. So, the sum of ISI in familial signal is known. The consequence of this ISI can be compensated at the receiving system from the known measure of the ISI. Duobinary signaling The basic thought of correlate cryptography will now be illustrated by sing the specific illustration of duobinary signaling, where â€Å"duo† implies duplicating of the transmittal capacity of a consecutive double star system. See a binary input sequence { BK} dwelling of uncorrelated binary figures each holding continuance TBseconds, with symbol 1 represented by a pulsation of amplitude +1 V, and symbol O by a pulsation of amplitude -1 V. When this sequence is applied to a duobinary encoder, it is converted into three-level end product, viz. , -2, 0 and +2 Vs. To bring forth this transmutation, we may utilize the strategy shown in figure 4.1. img alt="" src="https://s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/aaimagestore/essays/1148918.024.png"img alt="" src="https://s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/aaimagestore/essays/1148918.023.png"img alt="" src="https://s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/aaimagestore/essays/1148918.022.png"img alt="" src="https://s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/aaimagestore/essays/1148918.021.png"img alt="" src="https://s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/aaimagestore/essays/1148918.020.png"img alt="" src="https://s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/aaimagestore/essays/1148918.019.png"img alt="" src="https://s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/aaimagestore/essays/1148918.018.png"img alt="" src="https://s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/aaimagestore/essays/1148918.017.png"img alt="" src="https://s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/aaimagestore/essays/1148918.016.png"img alt="" src="https://s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/aaimagestore/essays/1148918.015.png"img alt="" src="https://s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/aaimagestore/essays/1148918.014.png"img alt="" src="https://s3-eu-west-1.amaz onaws.com/aaimagestore/essays/1148918.014.png"img alt="" src="https://s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/aaimagestore/essays/1148918.013.png"img alt="" src="https://s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/aaimagestore/essays/1148918.012.png"img alt="" src="https://s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/aaimagestore/essays/1148918.011.png"img alt="" src="https://s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/aaimagestore/essays/1148918.010.png"img alt="" src="https://s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/aaimagestore/essays/1148918.009.png"img alt="" src="https://s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/aaimagestore/essays/1148918.008.png"img alt="" src="https://s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/aaimagestore/essays/1148918.007.png"img alt="" src="https://s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/aaimagestore/essays/1148918.006.png"img alt="" src="https://s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/aaimagestore/essays/1148918.005.png"img alt="" src="https://s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/aaimagestore/essays/1148918.004.png"img alt="" src="https://s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/aaimagestore/essays/1148918.00 2.png"img alt="" src="https://s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/aaimagestore/essays/1148918.003.png"img alt="" src="https://s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/aaimagestore/essays/1148918.002.png"img alt="" src="https://s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/aaimagestore/essays/1148918.001.png"/ Figure 4.1: Duobinary signaling strategy. The binary sequence { BK} is first passed through a simple filter affecting a individual hold component. For every unit impulse applied to the input of this filter, we get two unit impulse spaced TBseconds apart at the filter end product. We may therefore show the figure degree CelsiusKat duobinary programmer end product as the amount of the present binary figure BKand its old value Bk-1, as shown by CK=bK+bk-1— — — — — — – ( 17 ) One of the effects of the transmutation describe by ( 17 ) is to alter the input sequence { BK} of uncorrelated binary figures into a sequence { degree CelsiusK} of correlative figures. This correlativity between the next familial degrees may be viewed as presenting intersymbol intervention into the familial signal in an unreal mode. However, this inter symbol intervention is under the designer’s control, which is the footing of correlate cryptography. An ideal hold component, bring forthing a hold of TBseconds, has the transportation map exp ( -j2?fTB) , so that the transportation map of the simple filter shown in figure 18 is 1+exp ( -j2?fTB) . Hence, the overall transportation map of this filter connected in cascade with the ideal channel Hydrogendegree Celsiuss( degree Fahrenheit ) is H ( degree Fahrenheit ) = Hdegree Celsiuss( degree Fahrenheit ) [ 1+ exp ( -j2?fTB) ] = Hdegree Celsiuss( degree Fahrenheit ) [ exp ( j?fTB) + exp ( – j?fTB) ] exp ( -j?fTB) = 2 Hdegree Celsiuss( degree Fahrenheit ) cos ( ?fTB) exp ( – j?fTB )— — — — — — ( 18 ) For an ideal channel of bandwidth B0=RB/2, we have img alt="" src="https://s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/aaimagestore/essays/1148918.026.png"img alt="" src="https://s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/aaimagestore/essays/1148918.025.png"/ Hydrogendegree Celsiuss( degree Fahrenheit ) = — — — — — — – ( 19 ) Therefore the overall frequence response has the signifier of a half-cycle cosine map, as shown by img alt="" src="https://s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/aaimagestore/essays/1148918.027.png"img alt="" src="https://s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/aaimagestore/essays/1148918.025.png"/ Hydrogendegree Celsiuss( degree Fahrenheit ) = — — — — — — – ( 20 ) For which the amplitude response and stage response are as shown in figure 4.2 ( a ) and figure 4.2 ( B ) , severally. An advantage of this frequence response is that it can be easy approximated in pattern. img alt="" src="https://s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/aaimagestore/essays/1148918.050.png"img alt="" src="https://s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/aaimagestore/essays/1148918.049.png"img alt="" src="https://s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/aaimagestore/essays/1148918.048.png"img alt="" src="https://s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/aaimagestore/essays/1148918.047.png"img alt="" src="https://s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/aaimagestore/essays/1148918.046.png"img alt="" src="https://s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/aaimagestore/essays/1148918.045.png"img alt="" src="https://s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/aaimagestore/essays/1148918.044.png"img alt="" src="https://s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/aaimagestore/essays/1148918.043.png"img alt="" src="https://s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/aaimagestore/essays/1148918.042.png"img alt="" src="https://s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/aaimagestore/essays/1148918.041.png"img alt="" src="https://s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/aaimagestore/essays/1148918.030.png"img alt="" src="https://s3-eu-west-1.amaz onaws.com/aaimagestore/essays/1148918.040.png"img alt="" src="https://s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/aaimagestore/essays/1148918.039.png"img alt="" src="https://s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/aaimagestore/essays/1148918.038.png"img alt="" src="https://s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/aaimagestore/essays/1148918.037.png"img alt="" src="https://s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/aaimagestore/essays/1148918.036.png"img alt="" src="https://s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/aaimagestore/essays/1148918.035.png"img alt="" src="https://s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/aaimagestore/essays/1148918.036.png"img alt="" src="https://s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/aaimagestore/essays/1148918.035.png"img alt="" src="https://s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/aaimagestore/essays/1148918.034.png"img alt="" src="https://s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/aaimagestore/essays/1148918.033.png"img alt="" src="https://s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/aaimagestore/essays/1148918.032.png"img alt="" src="https://s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/aaimagestore/essays/1148918.03 1.png"img alt="" src="https://s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/aaimagestore/essays/1148918.030.png"img alt="" src="https://s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/aaimagestore/essays/1148918.029.png"img alt="" src="https://s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/aaimagestore/essays/1148918.028.png"/ Figure 4.2: frequence response of duobinary transition filter The corresponding value of the impulse response consists of two sinc pulsations, clip displayed by TBseconds, as shown by ( except for a scaling factor ) img alt="" src="https://s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/aaimagestore/essays/1148918.051.png"/ img alt="" src="https://s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/aaimagestore/essays/1148918.052.png"/ img alt="" src="https://s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/aaimagestore/essays/1148918.053.png"— — — — — – ( 21 ) img alt="" src="https://s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/aaimagestore/essays/1148918.054.png"Which is shown aforethought in figure 4.3.We see that the overall impulse response H ( T ) has merely two distinguishable value at the trying blink of an eyes. img alt="" src="https://s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/aaimagestore/essays/1148918.067.png"img alt="" src="https://s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/aaimagestore/essays/1148918.066.png"img alt="" src="https://s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/aaimagestore/essays/1148918.065.png"img alt="" src="https://s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/aaimagestore/essays/1148918.064.png"img alt="" src="https://s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/aaimagestore/essays/1148918.063.png"img alt="" src="https://s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/aaimagestore/essays/1148918.062.png"img alt="" src="https://s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/aaimagestore/essays/1148918.061.png"img alt="" src="https://s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/aaimagestore/essays/1148918.060.png"img alt="" src="https://s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/aaimagestore/essays/1148918.059.png"img alt="" src="https://s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/aaimagestore/essays/1148918.058.png"img alt="" src="https://s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/aaimagestore/essays/1148918.057.png"img alt="" src="https://s3-eu-west-1.amaz onaws.com/aaimagestore/essays/1148918.056.png"img alt="" src="https://s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/aaimagestore/essays/1148918.055.png"/ Figure 4.3: Impulse response of duobinary transition filter. The original informations { BK} may be detected from the duobinary-coded sequence { degree CelsiusK} by deducting the old decoded binary figure from the presently received digit degree CelsiussKin conformity with equation ( 17 ) . Specifically, allowing bI‚Kstand for the estimation of the original binary figure BKas conceived by the receiving system at clip t equal to kTB, we have bI‚K= cK– bI‚k-1— — — — — — ( 22 ) It is evident that if degree CelsiussKis received without mistake and if besides the old estimation bI‚k-1at clip t= ( k-1 ) ThymineBcorresponds to a right determination, so the current estimation bI‚Kwill be right excessively. The technique of utilizing a stored estimation of the old symbol is called determination feedback. We observe that the sensing process merely described is basically an opposite of the operation of the simple filter at the sender. However, a drawback of this sensing procedure is that one time mistakes are made, they tend to propagate. This is due to the fact that a determination on the current binary figure BKdepends on the rightness of the determination made on the old binary figure Bk-1. A practical agency of avoiding this mistake extension is to utilize precoding before the duobinary cryptography, as shown in fig 6.11. The precoding operation performed on the input binary sequence { BK} converts it into another binary sequence { aK} defined by aK= BK+ ak-1modulo-2 — — — — — – ( 23 ) Modulo-2 add-on is tantamount to the exclusive-or operation. An exclusive-or gate operates as follows. The end product of an exclusive-or gate is a 1 if precisely one input is a 1: otherwise, the end product is a 0. The ensuing precoder end product { aK} is following applied to the duobinary programmer, thereby bring forthing the sequence { degree CelsiusK} that is related to { aK} as follows: degree CelsiussK= aK+ ak-1— — — — — ( 24 ) Note that unlike the line drive operation of duobinary cryptography, the precoding is a nonlinear operation. You read "Proposed Technique for Sidelobes Suppression" in category "Essay examples" We assume that symbol 1 at the precoder end product in figure 4.4 is represented by +1 V and symbol 0 by -1 V. img alt="" src="https://s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/aaimagestore/essays/1148918.087.png"img alt="" src="https://s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/aaimagestore/essays/1148918.086.png"img alt="" src="https://s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/aaimagestore/essays/1148918.085.png"img alt="" src="https://s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/aaimagestore/essays/1148918.084.png"img alt="" src="https://s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/aaimagestore/essays/1148918.083.png"img alt="" src="https://s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/aaimagestore/essays/1148918.082.png"img alt="" src="https://s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/aaimagestore/essays/1148918.081.png"img alt="" src="https://s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/aaimagestore/essays/1148918.080.png"img alt="" src="https://s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/aaimagestore/essays/1148918.079.png"img alt="" src="https://s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/aaimagestore/essays/1148918.079.png"img alt="" src="https://s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/aaimagestore/essays/1148918.078.png"img alt="" src="https://s3-eu-west-1.amaz onaws.com/aaimagestore/essays/1148918.077.png"img alt="" src="https://s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/aaimagestore/essays/1148918.076.png"img alt="" src="https://s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/aaimagestore/essays/1148918.075.png"img alt="" src="https://s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/aaimagestore/essays/1148918.074.png"img alt="" src="https://s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/aaimagestore/essays/1148918.073.png"img alt="" src="https://s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/aaimagestore/essays/1148918.072.png"img alt="" src="https://s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/aaimagestore/essays/1148918.071.png"img alt="" src="https://s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/aaimagestore/essays/1148918.070.png"img alt="" src="https://s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/aaimagestore/essays/1148918.069.png"img alt="" src="https://s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/aaimagestore/essays/1148918.068.png"/ Figure 4.4: A precoded duobinary strategy. Therefore, from equation ( 22 ) and ( 23 ) , we find that img alt="" src="https://s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/aaimagestore/essays/1148918.088.png"/ CK=  ±2 Vs, if BKis represented by symbol 0 0 Vs, if BKis represented by symbol 1 — — — — — ( 25 ) From equation ( 25 ) we deduce the undermentioned determination regulation for observing the original input binary sequence { BK} from { degree CelsiusK} : img alt="" src="https://s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/aaimagestore/essays/1148918.089.png"/ BK= Symbol 0 if |cK| A ; gt ; 1 V Symbol 1 if |cK| A ; lt ; 1 V — — — — – ( 26 ) Harmonizing to equation ( 26 ) , the decipherer consists of a rectifier, the end product of which is compared to a threshold of 1 V, and the original binary sequence { BK} is thereby detected. A block diagram of the sensor is shown in figure 4.5. A utile characteristic of this sensor is that no cognition of any input sample other than the present one is required. Hence, mistake extension can non happen in the sensor of figure 4.5. img alt="" src="https://s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/aaimagestore/essays/1148918.096.png"img alt="" src="https://s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/aaimagestore/essays/1148918.095.png"img alt="" src="https://s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/aaimagestore/essays/1148918.094.png"img alt="" src="https://s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/aaimagestore/essays/1148918.093.png"img alt="" src="https://s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/aaimagestore/essays/1148918.093.png"img alt="" src="https://s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/aaimagestore/essays/1148918.092.png"img alt="" src="https://s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/aaimagestore/essays/1148918.091.png"img alt="" src="https://s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/aaimagestore/essays/1148918.090.png"/ Figure 4.5: Detector for retrieving original binary sequence from the precoded duobinary programmer end product. Modified Duobinary signaling The modified duobinary technique involves a correlativity span of two binary figures. This is achieved by deducting input binary figures spaced 2TBseconds apart, as indicated in the block diagram of figure 4.6. The end product of the modified duobinary transition filter is related to the sequence { aK} at its input as follows: degree CelsiussK= aK– ak-2— — — — — ( 27 ) img alt="" src="https://s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/aaimagestore/essays/1148918.127.png"img alt="" src="https://s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/aaimagestore/essays/1148918.126.png"img alt="" src="https://s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/aaimagestore/essays/1148918.125.png"img alt="" src="https://s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/aaimagestore/essays/1148918.124.png"img alt="" src="https://s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/aaimagestore/essays/1148918.123.png"img alt="" src="https://s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/aaimagestore/essays/1148918.122.png"img alt="" src="https://s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/aaimagestore/essays/1148918.121.png"img alt="" src="https://s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/aaimagestore/essays/1148918.120.png"img alt="" src="https://s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/aaimagestore/essays/1148918.119.png"img alt="" src="https://s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/aaimagestore/essays/1148918.118.png"img alt="" src="https://s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/aaimagestore/essays/1148918.117.png"img alt="" src="https://s3-eu-west-1.amaz onaws.com/aaimagestore/essays/1148918.076.png"img alt="" src="https://s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/aaimagestore/essays/1148918.116.png"img alt="" src="https://s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/aaimagestore/essays/1148918.115.png"img alt="" src="https://s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/aaimagestore/essays/1148918.114.png"img alt="" src="https://s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/aaimagestore/essays/1148918.113.png"img alt="" src="https://s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/aaimagestore/essays/1148918.112.png"img alt="" src="https://s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/aaimagestore/essays/1148918.111.png"img alt="" src="https://s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/aaimagestore/essays/1148918.068.png"img alt="" src="https://s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/aaimagestore/essays/1148918.110.png"img alt="" src="https://s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/aaimagestore/essays/1148918.109.png"img alt="" src="https://s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/aaimagestore/essays/1148918.108.png"img alt="" src="https://s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/aaimagestore/essays/1148918.10 7.png"img alt="" src="https://s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/aaimagestore/essays/1148918.106.png"img alt="" src="https://s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/aaimagestore/essays/1148918.015.png"img alt="" src="https://s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/aaimagestore/essays/1148918.014.png"img alt="" src="https://s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/aaimagestore/essays/1148918.014.png"img alt="" src="https://s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/aaimagestore/essays/1148918.105.png"img alt="" src="https://s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/aaimagestore/essays/1148918.104.png"img alt="" src="https://s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/aaimagestore/essays/1148918.103.png"img alt="" src="https://s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/aaimagestore/essays/1148918.102.png"img alt="" src="https://s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/aaimagestore/essays/1148918.101.png"img alt="" src="https://s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/aaimagestore/essays/1148918.100.png"img alt="" src="https://s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/aaimagestore/essays/1148918.099.png"img alt="" src="https://s3-eu-west -1.amazonaws.com/aaimagestore/essays/1148918.098.png"img alt="" src="https://s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/aaimagestore/essays/1148918.001.png"img alt="" src="https://s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/aaimagestore/essays/1148918.097.png"/ Figure 4.6: Modified duobinary signaling strategy. Here, once more, we find that a three degree signal is generated. If aK=  ±1 V, as assumed antecedently, degree CelsiussKtakes on one of three values: 2, 0, and -2 Vs. The overall transportation map of the tapped-delay-line filter connected in cascade with the ideal channel, as in figure 4.6, is given by H ( degree Fahrenheit ) = Hdegree Celsiuss( degree Fahrenheit ) [ 1- exp ( -j4?fTB) ] = 2j Hdegree Celsiuss( degree Fahrenheit ) wickedness ( 2?fTB) exp ( – j2?fTB) — — — — — – ( 28 ) Where Hdegree Celsiuss( degree Fahrenheit ) is as define in equation ( 19 ) . We, hence, have an overall frequence response in the signifier of half-cycle sine map, as shown by img alt="" src="https://s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/aaimagestore/essays/1148918.128.png"/ H ( degree Fahrenheit ) =2j wickedness ( 2?fTB) exp ( -j2?fTB) |degree Fahrenheit| ? RoentgenB/2 0 otherwise — — — — — – ( 29 ) The corresponding amplitude response and stage response of the modified duobinary programmer are shown in figure 4.7 ( a ) and 4.7 ( B ) , severally. img alt="" src="https://s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/aaimagestore/essays/1148918.140.png"img alt="" src="https://s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/aaimagestore/essays/1148918.140.png"img alt="" src="https://s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/aaimagestore/essays/1148918.139.png"img alt="" src="https://s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/aaimagestore/essays/1148918.138.png"img alt="" src="https://s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/aaimagestore/essays/1148918.137.png"img alt="" src="https://s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/aaimagestore/essays/1148918.136.png"img alt="" src="https://s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/aaimagestore/essays/1148918.135.png"img alt="" src="https://s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/aaimagestore/essays/1148918.039.png"img alt="" src="https://s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/aaimagestore/essays/1148918.134.png"img alt="" src="https://s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/aaimagestore/essays/1148918.045.png"img alt="" src="https://s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/aaimagestore/essays/1148918.133.png"img alt="" src="https://s3-eu-west-1.amaz onaws.com/aaimagestore/essays/1148918.132.png"img alt="" src="https://s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/aaimagestore/essays/1148918.131.png"img alt="" src="https://s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/aaimagestore/essays/1148918.130.png"img alt="" src="https://s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/aaimagestore/essays/1148918.039.png"img alt="" src="https://s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/aaimagestore/essays/1148918.129.png"/ Amplitude response img alt="" src="https://s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/aaimagestore/essays/1148918.150.png"img alt="" src="https://s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/aaimagestore/essays/1148918.149.png"img alt="" src="https://s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/aaimagestore/essays/1148918.148.png"img alt="" src="https://s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/aaimagestore/essays/1148918.147.png"img alt="" src="https://s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/aaimagestore/essays/1148918.035.png"img alt="" src="https://s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/aaimagestore/essays/1148918.146.png"img alt="" src="https://s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/aaimagestore/essays/1148918.035.png"img alt="" src="https://s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/aaimagestore/essays/1148918.145.png"img alt="" src="https://s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/aaimagestore/essays/1148918.144.png"img alt="" src="https://s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/aaimagestore/essays/1148918.143.png"img alt="" src="https://s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/aaimagestore/essays/1148918.142.png"img alt="" src="https://s3-eu-west-1.amaz onaws.com/aaimagestore/essays/1148918.030.png"img alt="" src="https://s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/aaimagestore/essays/1148918.029.png"img alt="" src="https://s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/aaimagestore/essays/1148918.141.png"/ Phase response Figure 4.7: Frequency response of modified duobinary transition filter. The impulse response of the modified duobinary programmer consists of two sinc pulsations that are time-displaced by 2TBseconds, as shown by ( except for a scaling factor ) img alt="" src="https://s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/aaimagestore/essays/1148918.151.png"/ img alt="" src="https://s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/aaimagestore/essays/1148918.152.png"/ img alt="" src="https://s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/aaimagestore/essays/1148918.153.png"— — — — — – ( 30 ) This impulse response is plotted in figure 4.8, which shows that it has three distinguishable degrees at the trying blink of an eyes. img alt="" src="https://s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/aaimagestore/essays/1148918.169.png"img alt="" src="https://s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/aaimagestore/essays/1148918.168.png"img alt="" src="https://s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/aaimagestore/essays/1148918.167.png"img alt="" src="https://s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/aaimagestore/essays/1148918.166.png"img alt="" src="https://s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/aaimagestore/essays/1148918.165.png"img alt="" src="https://s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/aaimagestore/essays/1148918.164.png"img alt="" src="https://s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/aaimagestore/essays/1148918.163.png"img alt="" src="https://s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/aaimagestore/essays/1148918.162.png"img alt="" src="https://s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/aaimagestore/essays/1148918.161.png"img alt="" src="https://s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/aaimagestore/essays/1148918.160.png"img alt="" src="https://s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/aaimagestore/essays/1148918.159.png"img alt="" src="https://s3-eu-west-1.amaz onaws.com/aaimagestore/essays/1148918.158.png"img alt="" src="https://s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/aaimagestore/essays/1148918.158.png"img alt="" src="https://s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/aaimagestore/essays/1148918.158.png"img alt="" src="https://s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/aaimagestore/essays/1148918.157.png"img alt="" src="https://s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/aaimagestore/essays/1148918.156.png"img alt="" src="https://s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/aaimagestore/essays/1148918.155.png"img alt="" src="https://s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/aaimagestore/essays/1148918.154.png"/ Figure 4.8: Impulse response of modified duobinary transition filter In order to extinguish the possibility of mistake extension in the modified duobinary system, we use a precoding process similar to that used for duobinary instance. Specifically, prior to the coevals of the modified duobinary signal, a modulo-2 logical add-on is used on signals 2TBseconds apart, as shown by aK= BK+ ak-2modulo-2 — — — — — – ( 31 ) Where { BK} is the input binary sequence and { aK} is the sequence at the precoder end product. Note that modulo-2 add-on and modulo-2 minus are same. The sequence { aK} therefore produce is so applied to the modified duobinary transition filter. In instance of figure 4.6, the end product digit degree CelsiussKpeers 0, +2, or -2 Vs. Besides we find that BKcan be extracted from degree CelsiusKby ignoring the mutual opposition of degree CelsiusK, as was done with the duobinary technique. Specifically, we may pull out the original sequence { BK} at the receiving system utilizing the undermentioned determination regulation: img alt="" src="https://s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/aaimagestore/essays/1148918.170.png"/ BK= Symbol 0 if |cK| A ; lt ; 1 V Symbol 1 if |cK| A ; gt ; 1 V — — — — — ( 32 ) Generalized signifier of Correlative Coding img alt="" src="https://s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/aaimagestore/essays/1148918.200.png"img alt="" src="https://s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/aaimagestore/essays/1148918.199.png"img alt="" src="https://s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/aaimagestore/essays/1148918.198.png"img alt="" src="https://s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/aaimagestore/essays/1148918.197.png"img alt="" src="https://s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/aaimagestore/essays/1148918.196.png"img alt="" src="https://s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/aaimagestore/essays/1148918.195.png"img alt="" src="https://s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/aaimagestore/essays/1148918.194.png"img alt="" src="https://s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/aaimagestore/essays/1148918.193.png"img alt="" src="https://s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/aaimagestore/essays/1148918.192.png"img alt="" src="https://s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/aaimagestore/essays/1148918.190.png"img alt="" src="https://s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/aaimagestore/essays/1148918.191.png"img alt="" src="https://s3-eu-west-1.amaz onaws.com/aaimagestore/essays/1148918.078.png"img alt="" src="https://s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/aaimagestore/essays/1148918.190.png"img alt="" src="https://s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/aaimagestore/essays/1148918.189.png"img alt="" src="https://s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/aaimagestore/essays/1148918.189.png"img alt="" src="https://s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/aaimagestore/essays/1148918.188.png"img alt="" src="https://s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/aaimagestore/essays/1148918.187.png"img alt="" src="https://s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/aaimagestore/essays/1148918.187.png"img alt="" src="https://s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/aaimagestore/essays/1148918.187.png"img alt="" src="https://s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/aaimagestore/essays/1148918.187.png"img alt="" src="https://s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/aaimagestore/essays/1148918.186.png"img alt="" src="https://s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/aaimagestore/essays/1148918.185.png"img alt="" src="https://s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/aaimagestore/essays/1148918.18 4.png"img alt="" src="https://s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/aaimagestore/essays/1148918.183.png"img alt="" src="https://s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/aaimagestore/essays/1148918.182.png"img alt="" src="https://s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/aaimagestore/essays/1148918.181.png"img alt="" src="https://s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/aaimagestore/essays/1148918.180.png"img alt="" src="https://s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/aaimagestore/essays/1148918.172.png"img alt="" src="https://s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/aaimagestore/essays/1148918.179.png"img alt="" src="https://s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/aaimagestore/essays/1148918.172.png"img alt="" src="https://s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/aaimagestore/essays/1148918.178.png"img alt="" src="https://s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/aaimagestore/essays/1148918.172.png"img alt="" src="https://s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/aaimagestore/essays/1148918.172.png"img alt="" src="https://s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/aaimagestore/essays/1148918.177.png"img alt="" src="https://s3-eu-west -1.amazonaws.com/aaimagestore/essays/1148918.176.png"img alt="" src="https://s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/aaimagestore/essays/1148918.171.png"img alt="" src="https://s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/aaimagestore/essays/1148918.175.png"img alt="" src="https://s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/aaimagestore/essays/1148918.171.png"img alt="" src="https://s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/aaimagestore/essays/1148918.174.png"img alt="" src="https://s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/aaimagestore/essays/1148918.173.png"img alt="" src="https://s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/aaimagestore/essays/1148918.172.png"img alt="" src="https://s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/aaimagestore/essays/1148918.171.png"The duobinary and modified duobinary techniques have correlativity spans of one binary figure and two binary figures, severally. It is consecutive frontward affair to generalise these two strategies to other strategies, which are known jointly as correlate cryptography strategies. This generalisation is shown in figure 4.9, where Hyd rogendegree Celsiuss( degree Fahrenheit ) is defined in equation ( 18 ) . img alt="" src="https://s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/aaimagestore/essays/1148918.203.png"img alt="" src="https://s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/aaimagestore/essays/1148918.202.png"img alt="" src="https://s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/aaimagestore/essays/1148918.201.png"/ Figure 4.9: Generalized correlate cryptography strategy. It involves the usage of a tapped hold line filter with tap weights tungsten0tungsten1, ,tungsten2, w3†¦wN-1.Specifically, a correlate sample degree CelsiusKis obtained from a ace place of N consecutive input sample values bK, as shown by N-1 degree CelsiussK= ? tungstenNBk-n— — — — — — ( 33 ) n=0 Therefore by taking assorted combinations of whole number values for the tungstenN,we can obtain different signifiers of correlate coding strategies to accommodate single applications. For illustration, In duo-binary instance we have tungsten0= +1 tungsten1= +1 and tungstenN= 0 for n?2. In modified duo-binary instance we have tungsten0= +1 tungsten1= 0 tungsten2= -1 and tungstenN= 0 for n?3. Correlative cryptography is an efficient transmittal technique on bandlimited digital communications. Correlative cryptography introduces memory or correlativity to the transmitted informations watercourse in clip Domain, in a manner that the power spectrum of the transmitted bandlimited signal is shaped to exhibit gradual roll-off to band borders. This spectral belongings dramatically reduces the sum of inordinate intersymbol intervention at the receiving system when the symbol timing is non absolutely synchronized. Particularly, correlatively coded OFDM has been widely used to supply high grade of hardiness against deep slices, and is much more popularly known as pre-coded OFDM. Despite these abundant applications, correlate cryptography is ne’er used in OFDM for spectral defining. Correlative cryptography is adopted to determine the signal spectrum of the rectangular pulsed OFDM signals with an effort to accomplish high spectral concentration. Chapter 5 RESULT ANALYSIS Matrix Laboratory [ MATLAB ] is a imitating tool which is used to demo all the consequences. As we have discussed in the old subdivisions, ab initio we will bring forth an OFDM signal and look into the sidelobe degrees for the generated OFDM. An OFDM signal is generated for the figure of bearersNitrogenas 128 and using a BPSK transition strategy for transition. img alt="" src="https://s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/aaimagestore/essays/1148918.204.png"/ Figure 5.1: The generated OFDM signal The power spectrum methods like Periodogram and Welch’s method were ab initio carried out for spectral appraisal but the consequences of which were non satisfactory. So Multitaper spectral appraisal technique was used to bring forth the power spectrum of the OFDM signal. As we discussed in item about the multitaper spectrum analysis in subdivision 2.4.2, the stairss has been followed and the spectrum of OFDM is generated utilizing MATLAB package. Figure 5.2 illustrate the spectrum of above generated OFDM. img alt="" src="https://s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/aaimagestore/essays/1148918.205.png"/ Figure 5.2: PSD of the generated OFDM. As we discussed in the subdivision 4.1 and 4.2, the duobinry, modified duobinary cryptography is implemented. Figure 5.3 and 5.4 represent the duobinary coded OFDM and its PSD severally. Figure 5.5 and 5.6 represent the modified duobinary coded OFDM signal and its PSD severally. img alt="" src="https://s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/aaimagestore/essays/1148918.206.png"/ Figure 5.3: Duobinary coded OFDM signal. img alt="" src="https://s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/aaimagestore/essays/1148918.207.png"/ Figure 5.4: PSD of the duobinary coded OFDM signal. img alt="" src="https://s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/aaimagestore/essays/1148918.208.png"/ Figure 5.5: Modified duobinary coded OFDM signal. img alt="" src="https://s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/aaimagestore/essays/1148918.209.png"/ Figure 5.6: PSD of the modified duobinary coded OFDM signal. The figure 5.7 will exemplify the PSD comparing of all 3 PSD’s in a individual graph as follows. img alt="" src="https://s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/aaimagestore/essays/1148918.210.png"/ Figure 5.7: PSD comparing of OFDM, duobinary coded OFDM, Modified duobinary coded OFDM. 1 How to cite Proposed Technique for Sidelobes Suppression, Essay examples

Meditative Rose Essay Example For Students

Meditative Rose Essay Salvador Dali: Meditative Rose Salvador Domingo Dali was a Spanish surrealist painter. He was born in Figueres, Spain in the year 1904 and died in 1982. He can be considered to be one of the truly great all-rounders in the arena of Arts as he excelled in an expansive artistic repertoire included film, sculpture and photography (â€Å"Meditative Rose†). Considered to be highly imaginative, he had an eternal urge draw the attention of others to himself. His painting skills are often attributed to the Renaissance Masters. Dali was best known for his striking and bizarre images. Dali employed extensive symbolism in his works, the most often employed being elephants, eggs and watches. His painting, ‘Rose meditative’, done during 1958, is a rare deviation from his favorite theme of surrealism. This is an oil-on-canvas painting, measuring 36 cm * 28 cm. The single rose without stem, suspended in air, is suggestive of contemplative meditation. Description A single rose, in brilliant red color, without its stem, is seen suspended in mid-air. The sky, in typical blue with silver clouds, occupies most of the space in the display with the rose situated in the center. The landscape is at the lower end of the painting; it is presented in a dwarfing and dreary manner. With the rose painted on a massive scale, two tiny figures, standing close together, are visible on the ground. The shadows of the tiny figures are seen stretching across. Analysis The rose’s presence is deliberately ambiguous; one wonders whether the rose is real! Does it really exist or is it an imagination? The title, Rose Meditative’, raises a question on the observer’s relation to the nose. Probably, the rose may meditate or contemplate us. As we look and study it, we may be seen contemplating it. Thus, a strange mutual thinking relationship can be seen. Streaks of the Hindu philosophy come into play as we can see the rose as suspended ‘Om’. Also, the brilliant red color of the rose can be interpreted as auspicious, again, a Hindu-based strong belief (â€Å"Aaron art prints: Meditative Rose†). This brilliant red color comes as a stunning contrast against the blue sky dotted with silver clouds. When we go down lower to the landscape, one notes the dull warm earth tones. Seen in the background is the yellow-colored horizon rising above the landscape. Interpretation While interpreting the painting, it would be worthwhile to understand the experience of Dali when he did the painting. He had broken away from the surrealists and had become even more intensely individualistic person (â€Å"Rose Meditative†). All the art work done during this period tends to reflect this aspect by being unique in their category. Dali’s main theme on ‘rose meditative’ can be interpreted as an effort to bring an order to a state of delirium and hallucination. In other words, describing a dream in a vivid style, while being fully awake! Dali himself called this method a simulated madness. The images can be considered to be visual paradoxes: in this painting, the rose is of an abnormally large size, the construction of the skyline, the rose and the landscape are incongruous. Through these ambiguous facets, Dali is successful in bringing out mystical and chaotic aesthetic elements as the most striking features in his paintings. Conclusion Salvador Dali, the surrealist painter, stands unique in the methods he adopted to combine mystical and chaotic elements with some real situations. Rose Meditative’ is one of his masterpieces, is extraordinary in its vivid style of portraying the three different elements of nature, namely, the sky, the land and the plants in three different colors. The clear blue sky may represent the joys of one’s life and the gloomy landscape, the sorrows of one’s life. Works Cited â€Å"Meditative Rose†. Aaron Art Prints. n. d. Web. 7 July, 2010. â€Å"Rose Meditativeâ €  Edutainment: Salvador Dali. n. d. Web. 7 July, 2010. â€Å"Rose Meditative†. The Artist Salvador Dali. n. d. Web. 7 July, 2010.

Madoff Investment Security LLC Company

Fraud in the financial sector has been evidenced for a long time. Many companies have either suffered bankruptcy, or some have spent a lot of resources trying to fix a fraud case. Such is the case of Madoff Investment because in 2008, it was reported that, the company was running the largest investor fraud scheme (Ponzi scheme) orchestrated by an individual (Shedlock 1).Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Madoff Investment Security LLC Company specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Madoff investment securities was a wall street firm run by a successful businessman, Bernard Madoff, who also doubled as NASDAQ chairman, until his conviction in the Madoff fraud case. After the arrest of Bernard Madoff, it was uncovered that the fraud was worth more than $64.8 billion and Madoff investments had accrued liabilities of over $50 billion (Shedlock 1). Due to the magnitude of this fraud, Madoff pleaded guilty to 11 counts of felony, and this assertion subsequently led to his sentencing in a federal court. Until his arrest, Bernard Madoff ran a very successful company which he started, merely by investing $5,000 in Madoff investments, to be among the greatest players in the New York stock exchange (Shedlock 1). However, this flamboyant side of his business life never came close to the scandalous business dealings he did behind the scenes. The Madoff investment scheme led to the loss of billions of dollars in investment money, through illegal wire transfers, securities fraud, mail fraud, money laundering, perjury (and the likes), but surprisingly, half of the investors did not lose any money in the scheme (Brown 2). As a result of the fraud, several ripple effects have been evidenced in other companies, foundations and institutions which had business relationships with Madoff investment. Some organizations such as Robert I. Lappin Charitable Foundation, the Picower Foundation, and the JEHT Foundation h ave temporarily closed business because of the freezing of Madoff’s personal and business assets, because they depended on the investment firm to finance their operations (Brown 2).Advertising Looking for research paper on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Among the third parties faulted for letting Madoff’s fraudulent dealings thrive is the US Securities and Exchange Commission; meaning that, there were mechanisms and institutions in place to check such kinds of illegal financial activities (Jerusalem Post 1). However, in some way, such institutions failed to check the activities of Madoff investment firm; thereby allowing the thriving of fraudulent business transactions in the stock exchange. This goes against the mandate of such regulatory institutions because they are supposed to check the activities of financial companies, with the aim of protecting the interests of investors. Aim/Purpose From the Madoff financial scandal, this study seeks to establish appropriate mechanisms which can be established to minimize, if not completely eliminate, financial fraud in the stock market sector. Conceptual Analysis Madoff’s investment strategy was a blend of several investment strategies meant to cushion its investors’ money against the uncertainties of the stock exchange. One such strategy was the future adoptions strategy which the firm used to cushion its investors’ money against predictable events in the stock exchange; although almost concurrently, the firm was using Madoff’s sales pitch strategy which included purchasing blue chip stocks and taking options contracts which Brown explains as â€Å"Typically, a position will consist of the ownership of 30–35 S P 100 stocks, most correlated to that index, the sale of out-of-the-money ‘calls’ on the index and the purchase of out-of-the-money ‘puts’ on the index† (Brown 2). It was affirmed that, the â€Å"calls† ensured the price of stocks remained high and the â€Å"puts† ensured the price of stocks never went lower than what was anticipated. In interview excerpts done on Madoff, before his widely publicized arrest, he admitted that, he used future contracts on stock indexes and placed â€Å"put† options to see his company easily overcome the 1987 stock market crash in the US, but the biggest cover up to his fraudulent transactions came from a federal law which required companies to pay 5% of their returns (Brown 2).Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Madoff Investment Security LLC Company specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More This provision allowed the Madoff fraud scheme to thrive because the firm could not be investigated, since it was largely managing charity money. Financial analysts say that, for every $1 billion in foundations deposits ma de with Madoff investments, the firm made $50 million in revenues, and this return was guaranteed because the firm specifically targeted charities to avoid the high rate of withdrawals witnessed with other investment entities (Brown 2). Madoff admitted that since the mid 1990s, his company never traded in the stock exchange and all the profits or returns associated with the firm’s financial books, during the same period, were fabricated; meaning that, the company’s wealth management wing was a complete hoax (Brown 2). Research/Investigation There was a deep sense of secrecy associated with Madoff’s operations because experts note that Madoff investment firm dealt with an exclusive clientele who were offered steady returns (not much) for a long time, as opposed to big returns; although the complexity was envisioned in the fact that, the returns framework adopted by the company to pay its shareholders was too complicated for the normal investor to understand (Tava koli 1). Furthermore, it is often said that, Madoff investment firm never publicly shared their financial investment documents with the public. Most of Madoff investment company’s operations and sales record also seemed to revolve around its founder, Bernard Madoff, as can be seen from his impeccable sales record, which saw the association of big investment firms such as Ascot partners with Madoff Investments. For instance, the association of the firm with Ascot partners saw Madoff investment receive up to $1.8billion in investment money (Chernoff 1). However, Madoff’s sales record was often marred with allegations that, its proprietor sourced clients based on religious and ethnic prejudices, especially based on the fact that, he was Jew and therefore used the same basis to gain trust among most Jewish investors (Marketing Doctor 1). There was also a sense of â€Å"oz† aura in the operations of Madoff investment because it was noted that, many of the companyâ₠¬â„¢s investors feared pulling out of the company because they would not find their way back into the company again (Chernoff 1). Though this aura characterized Madoff’s company operations, there were still a lot of evidences showing an inconsistent record of returns for the company.Advertising Looking for research paper on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More There were more allegations of inconsistent company performances, especially based on the fact that, whenever investors wanted to pull out their money from the investment fund, they always got checks, before their withdrawal (Chernoff 1). This act bred hesitation among the company’s investors to pull out. Moreover, there were instances where the company posted profits when the stock market was poorly performing. There was also unlimited access of Madoff and his investment firm to legislative power, and more so, powerful individuals in Washington (Chernoff 1). This association may not have been evidenced directly, but indeed, the company had access to some of Washington’s â€Å"high and mighty†, through subsidiary investment groups, affiliated with Madoff investments. There were further claims, purporting that the company had special ties with the Securities industry and Financial Market Association because Madoff Bernard sat in the board of the Securities Indust ry Association, which ultimately gave him a lot of access to information regarding the regulation and the intrigues of the stock market (Chernoff 1). In fact, it is reported that, some of Madoff’s family members sat in the board of the Securities industry and Financial Market Association (Chernoff 1). It is further reported that, the Madoff family was consistently making financial donations to the Securities industry and Financial Market Association, and more family ties were evidenced in the executive board of the Securities industry and Financial Market Association, since Madoff’s niece sat as an executive member of the compliance and legal division unit of the institution (Chernoff 1). Furthermore, she was married to a stock exchange commission employee – a relationship which obviously influenced the outcome of investigations into the Madoff financial fraud case (because the husband failed to investigate Madoff effectively) (Chernoff 1). It is important to no te that, the Security exchange Commission was supposed to investigate Madoff investments for allegations of financial impropriety and it unsuccessfully failed to uncover the financial fraud going on in the organization, for more than 16 years (Tavakoli 1). The Madoff family relationships (with some of the stock market independent institutions) are said to have bred the Madoff fraud because it was difficult for the independent institutions (supposed to investigate such frauds) to carry out their functions effectively, if there was internal interference from powerful individuals within the institutions (Tavakoli 1). From the above analysis, we see the apparent weak-points used by Madoff investments to perpetrate its fraud and effectively cover it up for a long time. Recommendations There are many lessons to be learnt from the Madoff investment scandal. From these lessons, several personal and policy changes ought to be initiated. On a personal level, the importance of risk management in any investment scheme cannot be overemphasized (Picerno 1). The common misconceptions among many investors are that, loss is hard to come by, and therefore, investors operate in a manner that predisposes them to financial dangers. Perhaps, one basic common skill to be factored in financial management is common sense. Often, there are many issues that affect an investor’s ability to assess financial risk, and some of these reasons include, ignorance, greed and sometimes, fear. Regardless, it is suggested that, any investor who ignores risk management is not any different from a driver who drinks while driving and expects that nothing will happen (Picerno 1). Sometimes an investor may get away with investing without a risk management plan, but if such a habit is upheld for a long time, the chances of experiencing financial losses are high. From the Madoff investment scandal, it is clear that, investors are supposed to posses very high risk management skills as the first proc ess of investment, before they decide to invest (because of a stock’s performance or any other reason) (The Opinion leaders 1). For instance, during the Madfoff financial streak, the stock market was definitely experiencing a difficult financial time and stock prices were quickly tumbling down. However, Madoff investment exhibited an unfamiliar stock price pattern which represented the investment firm as almost immune to the financial market crash. From this analysis, it therefore becomes clear that, though the investment firm was exhibiting a good stock market performance (while other companies failed in the same regard), 2008 still marked the year of its collapse and therefore the positive stock performance was in vain. Often, risk management is synonymously referred to â€Å"breathing† (in the human body system), and the supportive premise for this assertion is the fact that, it is easier to control risk than is previously thought, but it is not as easy to control r eturns (Picerno 1). For instance, for a stock exchange investor, trading in different equities, it becomes very difficult, if not completely impossible, to control stock returns. However, one cannot compare the risks associated with trading in one security as compared to trading in a pool of equities. Here, we see that, the risk of trading in one security is very high, but such a risk is effectively controlled when trading in several equities. The risk management situation can be further improved if other asset classes, such as bonds, are included in the same investment pool because investors will have more confidence that their investment risks are effectively minimized. From the Madoff scandal, we see that, risk management is an important tool in the successful management of investments, but more importantly, we see that risk management does not come as naturally to investors as it should. The Madoff investment fraud provides such a classic example to this assertion, especially af ter Wall street Journal (cited in The Wall Street Journal 1) provided this example: â€Å"A woman, we are told, lost virtually her entire investment portfolio, valued at $2 million. To quote from the story, in 2001, acting on the advice of her broker, she poured something close to her life savings into a hedge fund linked to Madoff. By October 2008, her account statement said her investment was valued at $3.8 million, according to the Journal. On Dec. 11, Mr. Madoff was arrested and confessed to a $50 billion Ponzi scheme. She lost the money† (The Wall Street Journal 1). From this analysis, we see that, it is very important for investors to have a risk management plan to safeguard their investments in the stock market. Undertaking this initiative would also reduce the chances of investment companies collapsing with investors’ funds Also, from the previous analysis of Madoff’s operational strategies, we can establish that, Madoff investment managed to hide its fi nancial fraud because of the ties it had with independent institutions that were supposed to investigate it. For instance, there were concerns voiced to the securities exchange commission about Madofff investments and its allegations of making excessive profits, without justifying its means (Binyamin 1). Such concerns were not effectively addressed, probably because Madoff’s family had substantial influence on the Securities exchange council. In this regard, it is important to establish that, institutions mandated to investigate investment firms should have complete autonomy from personal interests among investment companies. In other words, persons deemed to have conflicting interests in the running of such independent institutions should not be allowed to sit in their boards. If such a strategy was initially adopted, Madoff investment would not find it easy to cover up the scandal. Finally, though Madoff investments were a private entity, it should not be allowed to operate in a lot of secrecy, especially when the interest of the public is in question. In this regard, a policy should be introduced to legally require such companies to make public their financial statements (if the interest of the public is in question). This minimizes the chances of companies hiding illegal activities. Conclusion This study establishes that, the Madoff scandal thrived because of several weaknesses of system. The fact that Madoff had a lot of influence in the activities of the security exchange commission and Securities industry and Financial Market Association, posed a barrier to effective investigation of the activities of Madoff investment firm. Furthermore, the secrecy in which the company operated created a sense of misinformation among the company’s investors and no one knew the formula used by the company to generate â€Å"strange† profits. To this extent, this study proposes several policy changes to increase the independence of independent institu tions in the running of the stock market, plus remedial actions to improve the transparency of private institutions. On a personal level, this study proposes to investors that effective risk management strategies ought to be practiced whenever investors transact in the stock exchange. A combination of these efforts would minimize the occurrence of financial frauds in the stock market. Works Cited Binyamin, Appelbaum. All Just One Big Lie. 13 December. 2008. Web. http://www.washingtonpost.com/wpdyn/content/article/2008/12/12/AR2008121203970.html?hpid=topnews Brown, Rebecca. How The Madoff Investment Scandal Was Uncovered. May. 2009. Web. http://www.articlesbase.com/law-articles/how-the-madoff-investment-scandal-was-uncovered-927189.html#axzz4x9xbWBIg Chernoff, Allan. What drove Bernie Madoff. 5 January. 2009. Web. http://money.cnn.com/2008/12/26/news/companies/understanding_Madoff/?postversion=2008122608 Jerusalem Post. Madoff Investment Scandal. nd. 2011. Web. http://www.jpost.com/t opic/Madoff_investment_scandal Marketing Doctor. Learning From A Ponzi Scheme – Madoff Knew His Target Market. 18 December. 2008. Web. http://blog.marketingdoctor.tv/2008/12/18/marketing-advisory-madoff-knew-his-target-market.aspx Picerno, Jim. The Madoff Scandal: What Are the Lessons Learned? 23 December. 2008. Web. Http://Www.Greenfaucet.Com/?Q=Node/4971 Shedlock, Mike. Biggest Fraud in History $50 billion Madoff Ponzi Scheme. 13 December. 2008. Web. http://www.marketoracle.co.uk/Article7769.html Tavakoli, Janet. Madoff Deserves Lots of Company. 9 March. 2009. Web. http://www.tavakolistructuredfinance.com/TSF11.html The Opinion leaders. Lessons from the Madoff Scandal: Deciding Which Funds Are  Worth an Investment. 30 December. 2008. Web. http://seekingalpha.com/article/112568-lessons-from-the-madoff-scandal-deciding-which-funds-are-worth-an-investment The Wall Street Journal. The Madoff Case: A Timeline. 12 March. 2009. Web. http://online.wsj.com/article/SB11296695423127 2304.html?mod=googlenews_wsj This research paper on Madoff Investment Security LLC Company was written and submitted by user Amber K. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

An Overview of Database Management Systems Essays

An Overview of Database Management Systems Essays An Overview of Database Management Systems Essay An Overview of Database Management Systems Essay Overview of Database Management Systems Goals: – DBMS basic concepts – Introduce underlying managerial issues – Prepare for discussion of uses of DBMS, such as OLAP and database mining misnotes-dbms-19980121. ppt Steven O. Kimbrough 1 Overview of Database Management What is a database system? – Acomputerized record-keeping system Record? – Think of it as a row in a table, consisting of fields of data – Note: Role of metaphors System? A general software module that provides all sorts of services: – Create new files and add them to the database – Insert new data into an existing file – Retrieve data from existing files – Update (change) data in existing files – Delete data in existing files – Delete (remove) existing files from the database – And much else: system management features, security, integrity, etc. misnotes-dbms-19980121. ppt Steven O. Kimbrough 2 Overview of Database Management Important and fundamental distinctions – System software vs application software – Logical vs physical  » See MISNotes, chapter 1 System software, e. g. , – – – – Operating system Language compilers Communications DBMS Idea: everybody needs it, so write it once and standardly for all – Reading/writing files (OS) – Storing/retrieving records (DBMS) misnotes-dbms-19980121. ppt Steven O. Kimbrough 3 Overview of Database Management Where do database systems come from? – Commercial software vendors  » Oracle, DB2, RDB, Ingres, Focus, etc. for mainframes  » For Unix, Oracle, Ingres, Informix, etc.  » Macs: Mainly Oracle  » PCs: Access, Paradox, Oracle, etc. Is there more than one kind? Why? – Yes: flat file systems, network systems, hierarchical systems, relational systems, object-oriented systems – And different brands for each type – Why? History, needs and requirements Is there a standard? Yes, 2 really – Relational DBMS – SQL as the access language  » DDL, DML, etc.  » Note: Can have SQL w/o relational and relational w/o SQL – Note: Access is relational has SQL access misnotes-dbms-19980121. ppt Steven O. Kimbrough 4 Overview of Database Management Who uses database systems? – – – Everyone, high, middle, and low Pervasive in business and commerce Difficult to overestimate importance Quite possible to earn your way through school doing database work Are databases here to stay? Are they stable? – Here to stay? Absolutely! – Stable? Yes, but  » Relational DBMS with SQL: commercial de facto standard; client-server uses  » Object-oriented DBMS: thought to be the next big thing A few years away Specialized uses SQL will stayprobably misnotes-dbms-19980121. ppt Steven O. Kimbrough 5More Comments on Database and Information Systems Generallly Important concepts/themes Persistence – Why we need data bases Metaphors and computing generally and database specifically – Relational model, relational databases:  » Tables, tables, tables Indirection – e. g. external, conceptual, internal views of database misnotes-dbms-19980121. ppt Steven O. Kimbrough 6 Overview of Database Management Why database? Alternatives are unattractive Positive reasons for DBMSs Data independence Reduction of redundancy Avoidance of inconsistency Enforcement of standards Security Integrity Use of markets isnotes-dbms-19980121. ppt Steven O. Kimbrough 7 Database Architecture These comments apply broadly to all types of DBMSs but, will focus on SQL, big guys systems ANSI/SPARC (broadly accepted) framework Three levels: External Conceptual Internal Relational refers to how the data appears to users, so to the external and conceptual levels – How it appears (as tables) and – How you operate on it – Recall: metaphors misnotes-dbms-19980121. ppt Steven O. Kimbrough 8 The External Level The individual user level (application programmer, someone interacting online with the database, or an application, or a user via a nice front end) Users (typically) interact with a DBMS using a language of some sort. e. g. , SQL, either embedded in a programming language or interactively e. g. , QBE for users Data sublanguage vs host language Data sublanguage: Data definition language (DDL) Data manipulation language (DML) The point of external views: to give different users different views of the data – Views: concept, advantages isnotes-dbms-19980121. ppt Steven O. Kimbrough 9 The Conceptual Level A representation of the entire information content of the database from the point of view of the underlying data model (here, relational) Conceptual schema Conceptual schema is to be pure; no refernce to the physical misnotes-dbms-19980121. ppt Steven O. Kimbrough 10 The Internal Level Described by the internal schema Refers to details of the physical representation – E. g. , how records are laid out on a hard drive But NOT to device-specific physical details isnotes-dbms-19980121. ppt Steven O. Kimbrough 11 The Database Administrator Data administratormakes strategic and policy decisions Database administratortechnical support for implementing policy decisions Defines internal schema Liaison with users Oversees and defines security and integrity checks Manages backup and recovery Performance monitoring, database tuning misnotes-dbms-19980121. ppt Steven O. Kimbrough 12 The Parts-Supplier Database Three tables: S (suppliers), P (parts), SPS S# SNAME STATUS CITY ====================================== S1 S2 S3 S4 S5 Smith Jones Blake Clark Adams 20 10 30 20 30 London Paris Paris London Athens Table (and relation) Tuple (or record) Field Attribute Domain Data types Data atomicity Key, key field misnotes-dbms- 19980121. ppt Steven O. Kimbrough 13 The Parts-Supplier Database (continued) P P# PNAME COLOR WEIGHT CITY ====================================== P1 P2 P3 P4 P5 P6 Nut Bolt Screw Screw Cam Cog Red Green Blue Red Blue Red 12 17 17 14 12 19 London Paris Rome London Paris London Ordering on the rows?Does CITY in P mean the same as CITY in S? 17 what? Pounds? Ounces? Tons? Kilograms? Why more than one table? How do we answer queries that rely on data in more than one table? misnotes-dbms-19980121. ppt Steven O. Kimbrough 14 The Parts-Supplier Database (continued) SP S# P# QTY ====================================== S1 S1 S1 S1 S1 S1 S2 S2 S3 S4 S4 S4 P1 P2 P3 P4 P5 P6 P1 P2 P2 P2 P4 P5 300 200 400 200 100 100 300 400 200 200 300 400 S5? S6? Double key, S#-P# Why more than one table? How do we answer queries that rely on data in more than one table? misnotes-dbms-19980121. ppt Steven O. Kimbrough 15

Understanding the Glow of Noctilucent Clouds

Understanding the Glow of Noctilucent Clouds Each summer, people who live at high latitudes north and south of the equator are treated to a fantastically beautiful phenomenon called noctilucent clouds. These arent clouds in the normal way we understand them. The clouds were more familiar with are generally made of water droplets that have formed around particles of dust. Noctilucent clouds are generally made of ice crystals that formed around tiny dust particles in fairly cold temperatures. Unlike most clouds that float fairly close to the ground, they exist at heights up to 85 kilometers above the surface of our planet, high in the atmosphere that sustains life on Earth. They may look like thin cirrus that we can see throughout the day or night but are generally only visible when the Sun is no more than 16 degrees below the horizon. Clouds of the Night The term noctilucent means night-shining and it describes these clouds perfectly. They cant be seen during the day due to the brightness of the Sun. However, once the Sun sets, it illuminates these high-flying clouds from below. This explains why they can be seen in deep twilight. They typically have a bluish-white color and look very wispy. The History of Noctilucent Cloud Research Noctilucent clouds were first reported in 1885 and are sometimes linked with the eruption of the famous volcano, Krakatoa in 1883. However, its not clear that the eruption caused them - theres no scientific evidence to prove it one way or another. Their appearance may simply be coincidental. The idea that volcanic eruptions cause these clouds was heavily researched and eventually disproved in the 1920s. Since then, atmospheric scientists have studied noctilucent clouds using balloons, sounding rockets, and satellites. They seem to occur pretty frequently and are quite beautiful to observe. How Do Noctilucent Clouds Form? The ice particles that make up these shimmering clouds are quite small, only about 100 nm across. That many times smaller than the width of a human hair. They form when tiny particles of dust- possibly from bits of micro-meteors in the upper atmosphere- are coated with water vapor and frozen high in the atmosphere, in a region called the mesosphere. During local summer, that region of the atmosphere can be quite cold, and the crystals form at about -100 ° C. Noctilucent cloud formation seems to vary as the solar cycle does. In particular, as the Sun emits more ultraviolet radiation, it interacts with water molecules in the upper atmosphere and breaks them apart. That leaves less water to form the clouds during times of increased activity. Solar physicists and atmospheric scientists are tracking solar activity and noctilucent cloud formation to better understand the connection between the two phenomena. In particular, they are interested in learning why changes in these peculiar clouds dont show up until about a year after UV levels change. Interestingly, when NASAs space shuttles were flying, their exhaust plumes (which were nearly all water vapor) froze high in the atmosphere and created very short-lived mini noctilucent clouds. The same thing has happened with other launch vehicles since the shuttle era. However, launches are few and far between. The phenomenon of noctilucent clouds predates launches and aircraft. However, the short-lived noctilucent clouds from launch activities provide more data points about the atmospheric conditions that help them form. Noctilucent Clouds and Climate Change There may be a connection between the frequent formation of noctilucent clouds and climate change. NASA and other space agencies have been studying Earth for many decades and observing  the effects of global warming. However, the evidence is still being gathered, and the link between the clouds and warming remains a relatively controversial suggestion. Scientists are following up on all the evidence to see if there is a definite link. One possible theory is that methane (a greenhouse gas implicated in climate change) migrates to the area of the atmosphere where these clouds form. Greenhouse gases are thought to force temperature changes in the mesosphere, causing it to cool down. That cooling would contribute to the formation of ice crystals that make up the noctilucent clouds. An increase in water vapor (also due to human activities that produce greenhouse gases) would be part of the noctilucent cloud connection to climate change. Much work needs to be done to prove these connecti ons. Regardless of how these clouds form, they remain a favorite of sky watchers, particularly sunset-gazers and amateur observers. Just as some people chase eclipses or remain out late at night to see meteor showers, there are many who live in the high northern and southern latitudes and actively seek out the sight of noctilucent clouds. Theres no doubt of their magnificent beauty, but they are also an indicator of activities in our planets atmosphere.

Watersheds Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Watersheds - Essay Example The watershed has a number of tributaries that drains in all of the states in America or to approximately 31 states within the United States of America between the Appalachian Mountains and the rocky extending to the southern regions of Canada. River Mississippi is ranked as the largest and the longest river in the world and it holds tenth and fourth positions in that order (Carluer and De Marsily 87). For long time watersheds have acted as an important framework for various scientific studies on the impacts of anthropogenic and natural phenomenon on both quantity and quality of water (Naiman 78). The effects of silvicultural and agriculture have been based on watersheds. Studies concerning watersheds have been conducted in places such as Coweeta in which the data collected have been used by researches to evaluate the effectiveness of various ecological regions. Most individuals are not aware about the source of their drinking water an aspect that means that they care less whether th e water they drink have been treated or not before they reach their homes. Additionally, people should be knowledge about the process used in treating the water that they consume. This is because clean water is important to life even though people have taken this fact for granted. Therefore this particular essay will analyze watershed within Mississipi River with an aim of helping the society to have a better understanding of scientific process and various forms of water resources. According to Carluer and De Marsily (95) a watershed is that particular area of land that drains into the lake, river, stream or other forms of water bodies. Moreover, watersheds can be small or large. For instance a small stream located in neighborhood may consist of a watershed. Nevertheless, the watershed of the Mississippi river covers approximately two thirds of the North America (Naiman 78). Figure 1: Mississippi watershed (Schertzer, 124) Put into consideration a small stream located at the top of the mountains. The watershed of this particular stream will comprise of few underground precipitation runoffs and springs coming from the lands that are above it. Hence the stream continues to flow down the hill; it flows to large water bodies including larger rivers, streams and even lakes before flowing into the oceans which accordingly have watersheds that are large. However, it is important to note that all watersheds both large and small have complex processes that in one way or the other impact on the quality of water coming out and utilized by the human population for various purposes. According to Sivapalan (2266) human beings does not only use water for the cleaning and cooking but also for drinking, cleaning and draining the waste systems. In order to achieve this treatment plants, dams and pipes have to be put into place for the purposes of treating water before and after it enters the homes of individuals in the society. Additionally, other structures should be put in pl ace for the purpose of transporting water. This is because in order for human beings to be free from infections, to be water too need free from all forms of pollution and safe for domestic use. This explains the importance of managing all the watersheds as they are the sources of water for human and animal populations. According Sivapalan (2268) most cities and towns have put in place plans for managing the watersheds with an aim of ensuring not only quantity but also quality of the water sources. Moreover, it is important to take note that as watersheds continue to develop; storm water continues to drain from areas such as buildings, parking lots, fields and even fields. Hence, the roadside ditches are designed in a particular manner to prevent the structures from flooding by ensuring

Career Assessment Plan Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Career Assessment Plan - Essay Example Besides this would help me to be competitive in my work and in ensuring that I can carry out any duty assigned to me with a lot of ease and with very minimal consultation and supervision at all levels. All in all, offering such assistance to my country has been of my major interest form the early times of my life. In this paper is a description of my dreams, long term and short term, knowledge base and skills that will enable me to achieve these dreams in the times to come and to satisfy my passion as an American criminal detector and justice administrator. Knowledge, skills, and abilities you possessed Educational qualification I have gained relevant knowledge related to my field of interest, which is criminal justice and administration. My areas of study have been in line with my area of interest to ensure that I develop my skills in criminal justice and administration in order for me to be more competitive and effective in carrying out my mandates. After my elementary and high sch ool studies, I joined Berkeley College for a Bachelors of Science Degree in Criminal Justice in June 2013 which I hope will equip me with the necessary skills and knowledge to make me more competitive in doing my work once I land my dream job. At Berkeley College, we gain much knowledge in criminology and crime detection. This bulk of knowledge I believe will enable me to build my skills as far as criminal justice is concerned. I put a lot of efforts in my studies and always try to do my best in class work as well as during exams. I take my assignments with a lot of seriousness and ensure that I pay the uttermost attention to even the smallest things my professors say in class. During my own free times, I try practicing justice and criminal detection in conjunction with the security guards in my school so as to make my studies more relevant and practical. As a practical part of my studies I enjoy watching and helping the guards in their work and this develops my skills tremendously. My practical classes with the security guards help me acquire adequate training in line with my area of specialization. Skills and abilities Over the time I have ventured into the process of actualizing my dreams, I have gained a great deal of skills working with certain firms and sectors offering duties which have helped me shape my skills in crime detection and justice administration. The following are the areas I have worked in and the mandates I am carrying out or have carried out in the past as part of my responsibilities: From Jul 2012 to date, I have been working at K-mart in Linden, NJ as a Loss Prevention Associate where I was charged with the following responsibilities: To Investigate known or suspected internal theft, external theft, or vendor fraud, Collaborate with law enforcement agencies to report or investigate crimes, Conduct store audits to identify problem areas or procedural deficiencies, Identify and report merchandise or stock shortages, Maintain documentation or reports on security-related incidents or investigations, Testify in civil or criminal court proceedings, Apprehend shoplifters in accordance with guidelines. The above mentioned responsibilities have helped me develop outstanding skills related to criminal detection land Justice which will actually make me more competitive before my employers while seeking for employment. I am as well been working with Securitas company in New Jersey from June 2012 to

Unusual Practice Essay Essay Example for Free

Unusual Practice Essay Essay In this essay, we try to study the unusual practice, which is found in United States of America. Recently, there has been great increase in desire to wear some ornaments in parts of the body like tongue. This practice is referred as oral body art. However, this is done by piercing some parts of the body. During the beginning of 20th century, it was not very popular among the people of America. However, recently, it has become widespread practice among people to pierce their tongues, nose, ear and other parts of body with needles. After piercing their body, they insert some jewellery into their body. This is considered as part of new fashion era. Piercing the body has become widespread among the American youth in the 21st century. Piercing practice is done by using a needle to pierce a part of the body such as tongue, lips, and ears or any other soft part of the body. Usually, this is done by self-trained professionals. While doing so, they do not use anesthesia. This means pierced object remains almost permanent part of the body. This practice is also known as oral or body art. They are in the form of metal studs. This practice of piercing needles into the body is found among some of the tribes of India and Africa. It is also found among the tribes of Indians in America. Due to contact with Indian tribal practices, it became popular among the Americans. Perhaps due to dissemination of knowledge regarding these tribes, some Americans might have taken interest in this unusual practice. Some Americans pierce their tongue with needle. However, this practice has led to certain undesirable consequences to the society and culture of America. This practice has resulted in certain complications related to health. Those who followed this practice have suffered from problems such as trauma, fractured teeth. However, the youth have great craze for this practice because of the peer pressure. After piercing the body, they keep some metal items in their body. This practice has been criticized by many physicians since it is unhealthy practice. This shows that the present generation is changing. This has given shock to the earlier generation of Americans. This practice is also found among some westernized people in other parts of the world. Perhaps this is part of the global cultural pattern. This practice indicates the interest among the people for cosmetics. It is believed by some sections of population that by piercing metals into tongue it is possible to attract the opposite sex. This may give heightened sexual pleasure to the sex partner. This means that there are some sexual connotations connected with this unusual practice. For the sake of sex, some people are ready to bear any pain and other consequences. This unusual practice implies the importance given to sex, pleasure and enjoyment by the modern generation of American society. This section of people wants some change in their practices and fashions and thus they resorted to piercing metals into their body parts. This will create close affinity among those who follow this unusual practice. This practice indicates the psyche of some sections of American population. This represents the changing definition of culture among the American youth. This practice among American youth may be considered as representing the revolt of youth against the traditional cultural norms of American society. This revolt is due to lack of direction among the youth. This means that the youth are confused, as they do not know about their future course of action. The very fact that the American youth have decided to take up new practice of piercing indicates that the youth have lost belief in earlier values of American culture. People with body art can be associated with undesirable habits like alcoholism, drug addiction and crimes, although there might be few exceptions. This demonstrates that body art symbolizes decay of American culture. Hence, we may suggest that this practice believed in non-orthodox philosophy. An attempt is made by the American youth to redefine the cultural symbols and practices. This practice has disturbed the social peace and harmony. This is because it has denied due respect to traditional cultural values of earlier generation of America. The unusual practice of body art has disturbed the status quo of American cultural pattern. It has disturbed the balance in the society. It has further led to emergence of problems like drug addiction, crime, and alcoholism among youth. The fact that youth have taken up this practice indicates the youth need guidance. Nevertheless, those youth who took to the body art did not have belief in earlier values like religion, traditions, etc. This has resulted in unnecessary conflict between traditional cultural values and new cultural pattern of youth. Hence, this may be considered as a disturbing practice. There are certain negative consequences of this unusual practice. These negative consequences are denial of traditional cultural values like religion, importance given to habits like drug addiction and alcoholism. Another negative consequence of this practice is that it is not a good model for the future generation of Americans because it encourages other habits such as drug addiction and alcoholism. This has led to increase in crimes committed by the youth. There is need to provide better model for future development of American society. Health problems created by this practice are its another negative consequence. Conclusion Although this practice was not very popular earlier, in the recent times, many younger generation people have decided to follow this unusual practice. It has several negative consequences including social and cultural complications. This practice can be considered as questioning of the traditional cultural pattern of America. The attempt to revolt against established cultural pattern is also due to feeling of fear and insecurity. This is because of the fact that youth have lost their faith in traditional cultural values. This is the attempt to establish their identity in the homogenous society. Therefore, it represents the identity crisis among the youth. There is a need to prevent increase of this unusual practice among the American youth.

Analyse the importance of Winston and Julias relationship in the novel

Analyse the importance of Winston and Julia's relationship in the novel. How does it contrast with the oppressive regime around them? Question 1. Analyse the importance of Winston and Julia's relationship in the novel. How does it contrast with the oppressive regime around them? In the novel Winston Smith was a quiet man in his late thirties , something of and intellectual , who nurses a secret hatred of the party in the face of the party continual alteration of document when he meet Julia he finds an outlet both for his heretical opinions and for the love he yearns to share with another human being. The Character of Julia in the 1984 is a young woman of 26 year old. She is very jealous of her apparent which devotion to the party that Winston suspects that she is a member of the thought police. Julia seems to follow Winston that Winston was thinking that maybe Julia also has a secret rebel love with Winston. Julia's view of life is very different from Winston she is not an intellectual given to long ruminations on the absurdity of the party and its society but ...

Elie Wiesel Essay

Directions: Choose one prompt below to respond to in a 4-5 paragraph expository essay. Be sure to develop a strong thesis statement that makes an argument and topic sentences for each body paragraph. Please follow these requirements to ensure yourself of maximum points: 1. Use MLA Format, including headers 2. It is important that you take time to organize your thoughts through prewriting/shaping. Ultimately, this saves you time in the long run. (Re: organize body paragraphs first!) 3. Create a clear and argumentative thesis statement and place it at the end of your introductory paragraph. 4. Organize two body paragraphs that contain at least two quotes each; begin each paragraph with a clear and argumentative topic sentence 5. Provide a smooth lead-in for each quote which gives contextual information 6. Include parenthetical citations with page numbers after each quote.   7.Make sure your Concluding paragraph is all commentary. Prompts: 1) One of the most tragic themes in Night is Eliezer’s discovery of the way that atrocities and cruel treatment can make decent people into brutes. Does Elie himself escape this fate? Use specific events to convey your opinion. 2) Elie Wiesel won the Nobel Peace Prize in 1986 for his championing of human rights around the world. How might his advocacy for human rights have grown out of his Holocaust experiences? What are the positive lessons of the Holocaust that Wiesel hints at in Night? 3) Dehumanization is the process by which the Nazis reduced the Jews to little more than â€Å"things† which were a nuisance to them. Discuss how dehumanization occurred in Night (you can include events that occurred that dehumanized Eliezer, his father, or his fellow Jews) and how this helped Hitler achieve his ends. 4) Oftentimes in novels, authors write with a purpose to teach the reader

Vastu Shastra

Mini notes for vastu shastra . Ads by Google important tips TIPS FOR DAILY LIFE 1)According to hindu beliefs drawing room should face towards north direction. 2)furniture should be kept at southern or western walls or corners of your house. This ensures that whenever you sit you are faced towards east or north. facing towards east or north makes you positively charged. 3)the kitchen placed to the southern corner attracts good things . the kitchen should not be next to the toilet,or in front of the toilet. )the room for meditation or worship [pooja room]  should be faced to the north or northeast direction, this deed results in good and powerful worship,meditation. 5)for study table best direction is supposed to be the north or east. 5) i. bookshelves must be in north ,east or northeast direction†¦.. bookshelves should not be above the study table. 5) ii. computer should be in southeast direction. 5) iii. wall-clock [pendulum] should be in north.. above study table is expected] 6)a shrine or a water pot is expected to be at the northeastern corner.. shrine or a water pot is a healthy sign for increase in level of knowledge.. a pot full of water represents the brain full of knowledge. 7) color of the study room should be light reflective. for instance light green, cream,and white is supposed to be the best. 8)according to the hindu religious beliefs a picture of goddess saraswati ,and lord ganesh should be placed in the room,and worshiping them regularly brings good knowledge

Class Discussion 3 Example

Class Discussion 3 Example Class Discussion 3 – Coursework Example due: discussion 3 Many heroes must face the underworld. If descending into the underworld, or Hell, this is called a  katabasis. If confronting spirits through a sort of sà ©ance, as Odysseus does, this is called a  nekyia. While Odysseus has clear goals in his sà ©ance with the dead- to gain information from Tiresiaswhat is its purpose for the poem thematically? In other words, do you think that confronting the dead has any special significance to the plot beyond the obvious? Yes, confronting the dead in the poem has a special significance to the plot beyond the obvious. This is evident where the ghost of Agamemnon asked the ghost of Amphimedon to explain what happened to many fine young men who accompanied him to the underworld. The answer by the ghost of Amphimedon reveals that Ulysses had disappeared for a long time such that his wife had some suitors that were courting her. In addition, it is through the answer by the ghost that the intentions of Ulysses wife are known. Sh e had no intention of getting married to any of the suitors courting her, but her aim was to destroy all of them. Another significance of confronting the dead is that it unravels the reason Penelope took four years to complete her needlework. The discussion between the two ghosts disclose that Penelope (Ulysses wife) played a trick on all suitors to avoid getting married. This is clear where the ghost of Amphimedon says that they caught her at night in the act of undoing her needlework that she had completed during the day. In addition, confronting the dead explained how Ulysses came back home. The ghost of Amphimedon explained that Ulysses returned to his home dressed in rags like a beggar so that no one could tell who he was. Furthermore, Amphimedon’s ghost talked of the test of stringing the bow that the suitors failed, but Ulysses succeeded. This signifies their weakness of fear while from the perspective of Ulysses it shows his bravery. Moreover, the ghost of Amphimed on recalled the attack in which they were killed and that their dead bodies were never recovered from Ulysses home. This is an indication of Ulysses power and authority. Finally, confronting the dead disclosed that women who remained chaste after their husband’s death were honored, and their husbands are considered blessed according to the period the poem was written. This is noticeable where the ghost of Agamemnon said that Ulysses is blessed to have Penelope, the daughter of Icarius as his wife. This signifies Ulysses dignity and integrity. â€Æ'Work citedDavis, Paul, Gary Harrison, David M. Johnson, and John F. Crawford. The Bedford Anthology of World Literature, Compact Edition, Volume 1: The Ancient, Medieval, and Early Modern World (Beginnings-1650). Bedford/St. Martins, 2009. 2000 Pages. Print.

Multithreaded Delphi Database Queries With dbGo (ADO)

Multithreaded Delphi Database Queries With dbGo (ADO) By design, a Delphi application runs in one thread. To speed up some parts of the application you might want to decide to add several simultaneous paths of execution in your Delphi application. Multithreading in Database Applications In most scenarios, database applications you create with Delphi are single threaded- a query you run against the database needs to finish (processing of the query results) before you can fetch another set of data. To speed up data processing, for example, fetching data from the database to create reports, you can add an additional thread to fetch and operate on the result (recordset). Continue reading to learn about the 3 traps in multithreaded ADO database queries: Solve: CoInitialize was not called.Solve: Canvas does not allow drawing.Main TADoConnection cannot be used! Customer Order Scenario In the well-known scenario where a customer places orders containing items, you might need to display all the orders for a particular customer along the total number of items per each order. In a normal single threaded application you would need to run the query to fetch the data then iterate over the recordset to display the data. If you want to run this operation for more than one customer, you need to sequentially run the procedure for each of the selected customers. In a multithreaded scenario you can run the database query for every selected customer in a separate thread- and thus have the code execute several times faster. Multithreading in dbGO (ADO) Lets say you want to display orders for 3 selected customers in a Delphi list box control. type   Ã‚  TCalcThread class(TThread)  Ã‚  private   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  procedure RefreshCount;  Ã‚  protected   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  procedure Execute; override;  Ã‚  public   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  ConnStr : widestring;   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  SQLString : widestring;   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  ListBox : TListBox;   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Priority: TThreadPriority;   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  TicksLabel : TLabel;   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ticks : Cardinal;   Ã‚  end; This is the interface part of a custom thread class we are going to use to fetch and operate on all the orders for a selected customer. Every order gets displayed as an item in a list box control (ListBox field). The ConnStr field holds the ADO connection string. The TicksLabel holds a reference to a TLabel control that will be used to display thread executing times in a synchronized procedure. The RunThread procedure creates and runs an instance of the TCalcThread thread class. function TADOThreadedForm.RunThread(SQLString: widestring; LB:TListBox; Priority: TThreadPriority; lbl : TLabel): TCalcThread;var   Ã‚  CalcThread : TCalcThread; begin   Ã‚  CalcThread : TCalcThread.Create(true) ;   Ã‚  CalcThread.FreeOnTerminate : true;   Ã‚  CalcThread.ConnStr : ADOConnection1.ConnectionString;   Ã‚  CalcThread.SQLString : SQLString;   Ã‚  CalcThread.ListBox : LB;   Ã‚  CalcThread.Priority : Priority;   Ã‚  CalcThread.TicksLabel : lbl;   Ã‚  CalcThread.OnTerminate : ThreadTerminated;   Ã‚  CalcThread.Resume;   Ã‚  Result : CalcThread; end; When the 3 customers are selected from the drop down box, we create 3 instances of the CalcThread: var   Ã‚  s, sg: widestring;   Ã‚  c1, c2, c3 : integer; begin   Ã‚  s : SELECT O.SaleDate, MAX(I.ItemNo) AS ItemCount   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   FROM Customer C, Orders O, Items I   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   WHERE C.CustNo O.CustNo AND I.OrderNo O.OrderNo ;   Ã‚  sg : GROUP BY O.SaleDate ;   Ã‚  c1 : Integer(ComboBox1.Items.Objects[ComboBox1.ItemIndex]) ;   Ã‚  c2 : Integer(ComboBox2.Items.Objects[ComboBox2.ItemIndex]) ;   Ã‚  c3 : Integer(ComboBox3.Items.Objects[ComboBox3.ItemIndex]) ;   Ã‚  Caption : ;   Ã‚  ct1 : RunThread(Format(%s AND C.CustNo %d %s,[s, c1, sg]), lbCustomer1, tpTimeCritical, lblCustomer1) ;   Ã‚  ct2 : RunThread(Format(%s AND C.CustNo %d %s,[s, c2, sg]), lbCustomer2, tpNormal,lblCustomer2) ;   Ã‚  ct3 : RunThread(Format(%s AND C.CustNo %d %s,[s, c3, sg]), lbCustomer3, tpLowest, lblCustomer3) ; end; Traps and Tricks With Multithreaded ADO Queries The main code goes in the threads Execute method: procedure TCalcThread.Execute;var   Ã‚  Qry : TADOQuery;   Ã‚  k : integer; begin  Ã‚  inherited;  Ã‚  CoInitialize(nil) ; //CoInitialize was not called   Ã‚  Qry : TADOQuery.Create(nil) ;  Ã‚  try// MUST USE OWN CONNECTION // Qry.Connection : Form1.ADOConnection1;   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Qry.ConnectionString : ConnStr;   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Qry.CursorLocation : clUseServer;   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Qry.LockType : ltReadOnly;   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Qry.CursorType : ctOpenForwardOnly;   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Qry.SQL.Text : SQLString;   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Qry.Open;   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  while NOT Qry.Eof and NOT Terminated do   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  begin   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  ListBox.Items.Insert(0, Format(%s - %d, [Qry.Fields[0].asString,Qry.Fields[1].AsInteger])) ;   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  //Canvas Does NOT Allow Drawing if not called through Synchronize   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Synchronize(RefreshCount) ;   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Qry.Next;   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  end;  Ã‚  finally   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Qry.Free;   Ã‚  end;   Ã‚  CoUninitialize() ; end; There are 3 traps you need to know how to solve when creating multithreaded Delphi ADO database applications: CoInitialize and CoUninitialize must be called manually before using any of the dbGo objects. Failing to call CoInitialize will result in the CoInitialize was not called exception. The CoInitialize method initializes the COM library on the current thread. ADO is COM.You *cannot* use the TADOConnection object from the main thread (application). Every thread needs to create its own database connection.You must use the Synchronize procedure to talk to the main thread and access any controls on the main form.